1. Plastic Surgery
Plastic surgery is one of the oldest forms of surgery practiced. Nose-reconstruction operations were probably performed in ancient India as early as 2000 BC, when amputation of the nose was form of punishment; the caste of porters eventually devised a method for rebuilding the nose by using a portion of the forehead, a technique still employed today. Some discussion of such surgery also appears in ancient Greek and Roman tracts.
2. Dentist's Drill
The Indus valley civilization has yielded evidence of dentistry being practiced as far back as 7000BC. This earliest form of dentistry involved curing tooth-related disorders with bow drills operated, perhaps, by skilled bead craftsmen. The reconstruction of this ancient form of dentistry showed that the methods used were reliable and effective. Cavities of 3.5mm depth with concentric grooves indicates use of drill tool. The age of the teeth Has been estimated at 9000 years.
3. Lenses
The Nimrud lens is 3,000 year-old pieces of rock crystal, which was unearthed by Austen Henry Layard at the Assyrian palace of Nimrud. It may have been used as a magnifying glass, or as a burning glass to start fires by concentrating sunlight. Assyrian craftsmen made intricate engravings,and could have used such as lens in their work. Italian scientist Giovanni Pettinato of the university of Rome has proposed that the lens was used by the ancient Assyrians as part of a telescopes; this would explain why the ancient Assyrians knew so much about astronomy.
4. Perfume
The world's first recorded chemist is considered to be a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in the cuneiform tablets from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She distilled flowers, oil and calamus with other aromatics then filtered, and put them back in the still several times. Recently, archaeologist have uncovered what to be world's oldest perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus. The perfumes dated back more than 4,000 years. They were discovered in an ancient perfumery. At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were found in the 43,000 square foot factory. Four of the perfumes have been re-created from residues found at the sites.
5. Plywood
Plywood has been made for thousands of years; the earliest known occurrence of plywood was in Ancient Egypt around 3500 BC when wooden articles were made from sawn veneers glued together crosswise. This was originally done due to a shortage of fine wood. Thin sheets of high quality wood were glued over a substrate of low quality wood for cosmetic effect, with incidental structural benefits. This manner of inventing plywood has occurred repeatedly throughout history.
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